ABSTRACT
By consulting the ancient and moderm literature， this paper makes a textual research on the name， origin， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing of Olibanum， so as to provide a basis for the development of the famous classical formulas containing this medicinal material. According to the herbal textual research， the results showed that Olibanum was first described as a medicinal material by the name of Xunluxiang in Mingyi Bielu（《名医别录》）， until Ruxiang had been used as the correct name since Bencao Shiyi（《本草拾遗》） in Tang dynasty. The main origin was Boswellia carterii from Burseraceae family. The mainly producing areas in ancient description were ancient India and Arabia， while the modern producing areas are Somalia， Ethiopia and the southern Arabian Peninsula. The medicinal part of Olibanum in ancient and modern times is the resin exuded from the bark， which has been mainly harvested in spring and summer. It is concluded that the better Olibanum has light yellow， granular， translucent， no impurities such as sand and bark， sticky powder and aromatic smell. There were many processing methods in ancient times， including cleansing（water flying， removing impurities）， grinding（wine grinding， rush grinding）， frying（stir-frying， rush frying， wine frying）， degreasing， vinegar processing， decoction. In modern times， the main processing methods are simplified to cleansing， stir-frying and vinegar processing. Nowadays， the commonly used specifications include raw， fried and vinegar-processed products. Among the three specifications， raw products is the Olibanum after cleansing， fried products is a kind of Olibanum processed by frying method， vinegar-processed products is the processed products of pure frankincense mixed with vinegar. Based on the research results， it is recommended to select the resin exuded from the bark of B. carterii for the famous classical formulas such as Juanbitang containing Olibanum， processing method should be carried out in accordance with the processing requirements of the formulas， otherwise used the raw products if the formulas without clear processing requirements.
ABSTRACT
In order to provide the basis for the development of famous classical formulas， the name， origin， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing of Eucommiae Cortex were systematically researched by consulting the ancient herbal and medical books， combining with the modern literature. According to the textual research， materia medica in the past dynasties used Eucommiae Cortex as the correct name. Combined with characteristics， origin and efficacy， Eucommiae Cortex in ancient times to the present is the dry bark of Eucommia ulmoides from family Eucommiaceae. The earliest producing areas of Eucommiae Cortex are Henan， Shanxi， Shaanxi and Sichuan. Since the Ming dynasty， the producing areas have expanded to most of the regions in the country， and Sichuan， Shaanxi， Chongqing， Guizhou and Hubei are regarded as the authentic producing areas. It has been concluded that the quality of Eucommiae Cortex is best if the bark has thick body， large block， scraped rough skin， multi silk section and dark purple internal surface. In ancient times， the processing methods of Eucommiae Cortex were mainly included removing rough bark and cutting for raw use， processing with auxiliary materials such as honey， ginger juice， salt water， wine， and so on. While in modern times， the processing methods have become increasingly simplified which are mainly cutting raw materials after cleansing and salt processing. It is need to excavate the connotation of different processed products and restore the traditional main processing methods through standards. Based on the requirement of Eucommiae Cortex in Sanbitang， it is suggested to use ginger-processed products according to the research results， which is used ginger juice as auxiliary material and processed with stir frying method according to the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
ABSTRACT
3-iodothyronamine（T1AM）is an endog enous derivative of thyroid hormone. It can also be used as exogenous drug. It can play pharmacological effects such as reducing cardiac output and coronary flow ，slowing heart rate ，promoting lipolysis ， reducing basic metabolism and improving learning and memory ability. Its regulatory effect on metabolism is similar to that of thyroxine，but regulatory effect on heart and thermogenic function is opposite to that of thyroxine. As a new chemical messenger ， T1AM can exert different pharmacological effects through a variety of receptors and signal pathways. This review summarizes the research progress of various pharmacological effects and mechanisms of exogenous T 1AM，in order to provide new therapeutic drugs of cardiovascular ，metabolic diseases and nervous system diseases.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the protective effect and potential mechanisms of microRNA-26a-5p (miR-26a-5p) on podocyte injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD).Methods:(1) In vivo experiment: Four-week-old db/db mice were divided into db/db group, db/db+agomir-NC group and db/db+miR-26a-5p agomir group according to random number table method, with 10 mice in each group, and 10 db/m mice of the same week-old were set as normal control group. At the age of 10 weeks, pathological changes were observed through light and electron microscopy. Kidney weight/body weight (KW/BW), urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and other biochemical indicators were also detected. The position and expression of miR-26a-5p in kidney tissue were determined through fluorescence in situ hybridization and quantitative real-time PCR, while the expressions of transient receptor potential cation channel-6 (TRPC6) and Nephrin in kidney tissue were determined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. (2) In vitro experiment: The immortalized mouse podocytes (MPC5) were divided into 5 groups: normal glucose group, high mannitol group, high glucose group, high glucose+miR-26a-5p mimic group, and high glucose+mimic-NC group. The expressions of miR-26a-5p, TRPC6 and Nephrin were detected. Luciferase reporter assay was conducted to research the relationship of miR-26a-5p and TRPC6. Results:(1) In vivo experiment: Compared with db/m group, db/db mice exhibited lower KW/BW and disrupted conditions of ACR, FBG, total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (all P<0.01). Increased glomeruli volume, more extracellular matrix deposition, thicker basement membrane and more foot process fusion were observed by light and electron microscope. Increased expression of TRPC6 protein as well as decreased expression of Nephrin protein and miR-26a-5p were detected in kidney tissues of db/db mice ( P<0.05). Compared with db/db+agomir-NC group, db/db mice transfected by miR-26a-5p agomir exhibited less albuminuria, with less protein expression of TRPC6 and more Nephrin in kidney tissue (all P<0.05). (2) In vitro experiment: Compared with normal glucose group, high glucose-treated podocytes exhibited increased expression of TRPC6 ( P<0.05), as well as decreased expression of Nephrin ( P<0.05) and miR-26a-5p ( P<0.01). Compared with high glucose+mimic-NC group, lower expression of TRPC6 and higher expression of Nephrin were detected in podocytes transfected by miR-26a-5p mimic (both P<0.05). Luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-26a-5p could regulate the expression of TRPC6 precisely. Conclusions:The expression of miR-26a-5p in podocytes is down-regulated in the context of high glucose and miR-26a-5p protects podocytes from injury via inhibiting the expression of TRPC6 in DKD.
ABSTRACT
Postoperative endophthalmitis (POE) is a serious vision-threatening complication of cataract surgery, with an incidence rate of 0.033%-0.11% in China.In recent years, numerous retrospective studies and data analyses have reported that intracameral injection of antibiotics can effectively reduce the incidence of bacterial endophthalmitis, which commonly include cefuroxime, vancomycin and moxifloxacin.Globally, due to factors such as the availability, cost-effectiveness, and types of pathogens of POE, the drug choice varies to a large extent.Adverse events caused by antibiotics in the intracameral injection often occur, including macular edema, retinal vascular leakage, and uveitis caused by overdose of cefuroxime, and complications such as hemorrhagic retinal vasculitis obliterans due to vancomycin.Moxifloxacin, as a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone, has a significant effect on the prevention of bacterial endophthalmitis.Studies in the past five years related to moxifloxacin, and the significant advantages of moxifloxacin in the prevention of bacterial endophthalmitis, drug safety, duration of intracameral drug, and cost-effectiveness were summarized in this article.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the awareness rate of " 1+ 1+ 1" contracted residents in the outer suburbs of Shanghai on the extended prescription policy of the family doctor contract service, and to analyze the influencing factors.Methods:From March to May, 2021, the cluster random sampling method was used to select one community health service center in Fengxian district, Shanghai, and a smart voice telephone assistant survey was conducted among the contracted residents aged 18 and above in the area, to understand their awareness of the extended prescription policy. χ2 Test was used for single factor analysis on the influence of different factors on the policy awareness of the contracted residents, while a multivariate analysis was performed by binary logistic regression, presenting P<0.05 as statistically significant. Results:A total of 13 495 " 1+ 1+ 1" contracted residents were surveyed via phone calls. Their awareness rate of extended prescription policy was 67.5% (9 115/13 495), while those with higher awareness rates were patients with ≥2 chronic diseases (92.3%), patients with 1 chronic disease (88.5%) and those aged 81 and above (88.4%). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, marital status, the number of chronic diseases and signing duration were all independent factors influencing the awareness of extended prescription policy (all P<0.05), while whether the residents were key population groups presented no significant influence on the awareness of extended prescription policy ( P=0.431). Conclusions:The awareness rate of " 1+ 1+ 1" contracted residents in the outer suburbs of Shanghai to the extended prescription policy needs to be further improved and publicity should also be strengthened to extend the policy benefit coverage.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze clinical, laboratory and imaging characteristics of different subtypes of linear morphea (LM) , and to propose an appropriate approach to the diagnosis and severity assessment of LM.Methods:Clinical data were collected from patients with clinically and/or pathologically confirmed LM in Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University from January 2018 to December 2019, and retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 107 patients with LM were enrolled into this study, including 63 with LM of the limbs/trunk, 22 with morphea en coup de sabre, 11 with progressive hemifacial atrophy and 11 with eosinophilic fasciitis. Disease severity was evaluated by using the modified localized scleroderma skin severity index (mLoSSI) and localized scleroderma skin damage index (LoSDI) scores in 88 patients, with the mLoSSI scores ranging from 0 to 51 points, and the LoSDI scores ranging from 0 to 40 points. Routine blood examination of 10 patients with eosinophilic fasciitis showed increased eosinophil counts in 4 patients. Thirteen (14.8%) of 88 patients with LM were positive for antinuclear antibody, with titers of ≥ 1∶320. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination showed ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere atrophy and contralateral white matter hyperintensity on T2-weighted images in 2 out of 4 patients with progressive hemifacial atrophy, myofascial thickening in 26 out of 28 patients with LM of the limbs/trunk (92.9%) , subcutaneous septal and myofascial thickening in all 11 patients with eosinophilic fasciitis.Conclusions:The preliminary assessment of disease activity, severity and prognosis of LM can be made by mLoSSI and LoSDI. MRI examination is recommended for patients with clinical signs of involvement of subcutaneous structures.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effect of Portulacae Herba free granules on the degree of lens opacity and integrin β1 of lens in diabetic cataract rats. Methods:50 rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and the low, medium and high dose group of Portulacae Herba, 10 rats in each group. Except the control group, the diabetic cataract rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 1% STZ 60 mg/kg. The low, medium and high dose groups of Portulacae Herba were gavaged with Portulacae Herba 125, 250, 500 mg/kg, once a day for 12 weeks. The degree of lens opacity was observed with slit lamp. After 12 weeks, the lens was stained with HE. The expression of integrin β1 was detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with the model group, the opacification degree of lens in the low, medium and high dose groups of Portulacae Herba was significantly decreased ( P<0.05), the expression of integrin β1 (1.58 ± 0.14, 1.46 ± 0.24, 1.12 ± 0.19 vs. 1.76 ± 0.23) in rat lens was decreased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:For diabetic cataract rats, Portulacae Herba free granules can influence the expression of integrin β1 and inhibit the occurance of lens opacity.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To study the protective effects and mechanism of resveratrol (RES) on the injury of human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) induced by high glucose (HG). METHODS: ARPE-19 cells were cultured in HG to simulate injury. Cell viability, apoptosis, ROS generation and miR-26a level were examined by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry assay, DCFH-DA staining and RT-qPCR, respectively. Expression of proteins associated with viability, apoptosis and oxidative stress was measured by Western blot analysis. In addition, the involvements of the ERK and Wnt/β-catenin pathways were analyzed by Western blot analysis.RESULTS:HG reduced cell viability while promoted apoptosis and oxidative stress in ARPE-19 cells. RES ameliorated HG-induced cell injury. The expression of miR-26a was up-regulated by RES in HG-treated cells, and miR-26a inhibition obviously reversed the effects of RES on HG-treated cells. Finally, we found the ERK and Wnt/β-catenin pathways were inhibited by RES through up-regulation of miR-26a. CONCLUSION: RES protected ARPE-19 cells against HG-induced injury through up-regulating miR-26a, along with inhibition of the ERK and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. RES might be a potential therapeutic drug for diabetic retinopathy.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE：To determine the suitable storage conditions，packaging materials and packaging methods of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen，and to provide reference for guaranteeing the quality. METHODS：The same batch of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen samples were packed in plastic woven bag，plastic bag，plastic bag in vacuum，aluminum-plastic composite bag，aluminum-plastic composite bag in vacuum and kraft coated paper bag. They were stored in a cool warehouse（temperature ≤20 ℃，relative humidity was 45％-75％） and drug stability test box [temperature was（40±2）℃，relative humidity was（75±5）％]. Five evaluation indexes were detected during 6-month of long-term cool stability test and accelerated stability test，including characters and the contents of moisture，aflatoxins，jujubosides A and spinosin. RESULTS：The results of 6-month long-term cool stability test showed that the character and the content of moisture，aflatoxins and jujubosides A of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen under different packaging conditions were in line with the requirements of 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopeia （part Ⅰ）（shorted for “pharmacopeia”）. The content of spinosin didn’t meet the requirement of pharmacopeia（no less than 0.080％），but the content of spinosin（0.079％）of aluminum-plastic composite bag in vacuum was close to the requirements of pharmacopeia. The results of 6-month accelerated stability test showed that the sample packed in kraft coated paper bag and plastic woven bag were seriously moldy；the sample packed in plastic bag and plastic bag in vacuum were blackened；the color of the sample packed in aluminum-plastic composite bag was slightly darker；but the appearance of the sample packed in aluminum-plastic composite bag in vacuum was basically unchanged. Only when stored for 2-month，the content of aflatoxin B1 in the sample packed in plastic woven bag was 8.64 μg/kg，which exceeded the pharmacopoeia regulation. The moisture content of the sample packed in plastic woven bag and kraft coated paper bag exceeded the highest value （9.0％） required by the pharmacopoeia. Although the content of jujuboside A of samples in each package decreased，it meet the requirements of the pharmacopoeia. Only the content of spinosin （0.084％）of sample packed in plastic bag in vacuum meet the requirements of the pharmacopoeia，and the content of spinosin （0.071％）of sample packed in aluminum-plastic composite bag in vacuum was relatively high. CONCLUSIONS：Ziziphi Spinosae Semen should be stored in a cool and dry place after packed in aluminum-plastic composite bag in vacuum.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effect of plasma-derived exosomes on the function of human venous endothelial cells in normal and rheumatoid arthritis patients.Methods:The plasma of healthy controls and rheumatoid arthritis patients was collected, and the surface protein markers were identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and NTA. The effects of exosomes on endothelial cell proliferation and migration and invasion were detected by CCK8, cell scratch, Transwell chamber experiments; real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The changes of cell secretion hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) content were detected. The comparison between the two groups was performed by t test. Results:The double concave disc-like cystic vesicles were observed by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) showed that the diameter was about 50-150 nm. Western blotting showed that the relative molecular weights of flotillin1 and CD81, on the surface of plasma exosomes were 47 000 and 26 000, respectively. Endothelial cell activity decreased with the increase of exosomes concentration, but the difference between the two groups was not significant( t=1.86, P>0.05). Compared with normal human con-exo, ra-exo significantly inhibited endothelial cell migration [(2.24±0.23) vs (1.46±0.13), t=6.60, P<0.05], reduced invasive capacity [(0.673±0.030) vs (0.827±0.030), t=8.11, P<0.05] in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, the ability to secrete HIF-1a, VEGF cytokines was decreased significantly, the difference was statistically significant [(0.706±0.020) vs (0.908±0.040), t=10.10, P<0.05; (0.692±0.010) vs (0.841±0.020), t=14.90, P<0.05]. Conclusion:The exosomes from plasma may play an important role in RA and vascular injury.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the expression levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) and ATP-binding cassette superfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues, and to observe the correlations of their expressions with clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients.Methods:The tissue samples from 82 patients with NSCLC who underwent surgical treatment from January 2016 to November 2018 in Taishan Hospital of Shandong Province were selected. The expressions of ALDH1 and ABCG2 in fresh cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. χ 2 test was used to analyze the correlations of ALDH1 and ABCG2 expressions with clinicopathological features of patients; Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between ALDH1 and ABCG2; Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test was used to analyze the correlations of ALDH1 and ABCG2 expressions with the overall survival (OS) of patients; Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the influencing factors of OS. Results:The positive expression rates of ALDH1 and ABCG2 in NSCLC tissues were higher than those in adjacent tissues, and the differences were statistically significant [60.98% (50/82) vs. 12.19% (10/82), 51.22% (42/82) vs. 3.66% (3/82), χ 2 values were 42.051 and 46.582, both P < 0.01]. ALDH1 expression was positively correlated with ABCG2 expression in NSCLC tissues (P < 0.05). The positive expression rates of ALDH1 and ABCG2 in patients with TNM stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ were higher than those in patients with stage Ⅰ [70.00% (35/50) vs. 46.88% (15/32), 60.00% (30/50) vs. 37.50% (12/32), both P < 0.05], and the positive expression rates of ALDH1 and ABCG2 in patients with lymph node metastasis were higher than those in patients without metastasis [75.00% (27/36) vs. 50.00% (23/46), 66.67% (24/36) vs. 39.13% (18/46), both P < 0.05]. The median follow-up time was 22.5 months, a total of 2 patients were lost to follow-up, and the median OS time was 25.4 months. The OS rate of ALDH1-positive patients was lower than that of ALDH1-negative patients (χ 2 = 5.124, P = 0.031), and the OS rate of ABCG2-positive patients was lower than that of ABCG2-negative patients (χ 2 = 6.969, P = 0.008). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that age (OR = 1.241, 95% CI 1.021-2.535, P = 0.045), lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.521, 95% CI 1.102-4.281, P = 0.012), TNM stage (OR = 2.104, 95% CI 1.289-6.150, P = 0.018), ALDH1 (OR = 2.435, 95% CI 1.214-8.654, P = 0.001), and ABCG2 (OR = 1.503, 95% CI 1.148-5.696, P = 0.021) were independent influencing factors of OS for patients with NSCLC. Conclusions:The expressions of ALDH1 and ABCG2 in NSCLC tissues are increased, and they are associated with lymph node metastasis and TNM staging. The OS rate in ALDH1-positive and ABCG2-positive patients is low. ALDH1 and ABCG2 may be prognostic markers for NSCLC.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To identify and verify differentially expressed proteins in lens of nuclear cataract eyes with different axial lengths.@*Methods@#Forty-eight nuclear cataract patients with the hardness grade Ⅲ to Ⅳ were enrolled from January 2016 to December 2017 in the east area of Xining city.The lens nucleus was obtained during extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) surgery.The samples were divided into six groups according to age and axial length, with 8 samples in each group.Seven normal transparent human lens nuclei were obtained from donors during corneal transplantation surgery and served as normal control.Water-soluble, water-insoluble and water-insoluble-urea-soluble protein fractions were extracted separately and merged to analyze by using 8-plex isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling combined with 2D-LC/MS/MS.The data were processed with ProteinPilot software.Two technical replicates of iTRAQ analyses were carried out.Up-regulated and down-regulated proteins were selected in two replicates as candidate biomarkers.Twenty lens nuclei from 20 nulear cataract patients were divided into long axis young age group, normal axis young age group, long axis old age group and normal axis old age group.Western blot was used to confirm the most different proteins.This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of TangDu Hospital of Air Force Medical University (TDLL2015046). Written consent was obtained from each participant.@*Results@#Eighty proteins were identified.Six proteins were selected as differentially-expressed proteins.Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) was elevated whereas beta-crystallin B2 (CRYBB2) was decreased in the long axis groups.The relative expression of SDH protein in the long axis low age group was 1.204±0.142, which was significantly higher than 0.711±0.072 in the normal axis low age group, the relative expression level of SDH in the long axis old age group was 1.092±0.334, which was significantly higher than 0.617±0.089 in the normal axis old age group, the difference was statistically significant (all at P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The expression levels of SDH in the nuclear cataract were elevated with long axial length.SDH may be involved in the pathogenesis of axial myopia-associated nuclear cataract.
ABSTRACT
Objective To systematically evaluate the optimal dose of early enteral nutrition support in critically ill patients.Methods Systematic search database including PubMed,Web of science,Scopus,CINAHL,CBM,CNKI.RCTs about early enteral nutrition dose selections in critically ill patients were chosen according to include and exclude criteria by two researchers independently.Cochrane system evaluation manual bias risk assessment was used to evaluate quality of literature.RevMan5.3 Meta analysis software was used to analyze the data.Results A total of 1 571 literatures were retrieved and 8 RCT studies were included,2 713 subjects in total.Meta analysis results showed that there were statistically significant differences in mechanical ventilation time,incidence of diarrhea,and utilization rate of gastro dynamic drugs between trophic feeding and full feeding (P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in mortality,length of stay,incidence of nosocomial infections,reflux,vomiting,constipation,etc.(P＞0.05).Conclusions Trophic feeding has familiar effects on mortality,length of hospital stay compared to full feeding,but it can help to shorten ICU mechanical ventilation time,improve the gastrointestinal tolerability.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the role of protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in ulinastatin-induced reduction of oxidative stress injury to cardiomyocytes of rats.Methods H9c2 cells were inoculated in 96-well plates at a density of 104 cells/well.The cells were divided into 5 groups using a random nomber table:control group (group C,n =12),H2O2 group (n=12),H2O2 plus ulinastatin group (group HU,n=12),H2O2 plus ulinastatin plus LY294002 group (group HUL,n=9) and H2O2 plus LY294002 group (group HL,n=9).In group H2O2,H2O2 (final concentration 200 μ mol/L) was added,and the cells were incubated for 12 h in the incubator.In HU,HL and HUL groups,ulinastatin (final concentration 50 U/ml),LY294002 (final concentration 10 μmol/L),and ulinastatin (final concentration 50 U/ml) plus LY294002 (final concentration 10 μmol/L)were added,respectively,the cells were incubated for 2 h,H2O2 (final concentration 200 μmol/L) was then added,and the cells were incubated for 12 h in the incubator.The cell survival rate was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay.The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined by using water soluble tetrazolium-1 and thiobarbituric acid colorimetric assays.Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry,and apoptosis rate (AR) was calculated.The expression of Akt,phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt),mTOR,phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR),activated caspase-3 and activated poty-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) was detected by Western blot.The p-Akt/AKT and pmTOR/mTOR ratios were calculated.Results Compared with group C,the cell survival rate was significantly decreased,AR was increased,the SOD activity was decreased,the MDA content was increased,the expression of activated caspase-3 and PARP was up-regulated (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in p-Akt/AKT ratio or p-mTOR/mTOR ratio in group H2O2 (P＞0.05).Compared with group H2O2,the cell survival rate was significantly increased,AR was decreased,the SOD activity was increased,the MDA content was decreased,the p-Akt/AKT and p-mTOR/oTOR ratios were increased,and the expression of activated caspase-3 and PARP was down-regulated in group HU (P＜0.05).Compared with group HU,the cell survival rate was significantly decreased,AR was increased,and the expression of activated caspase-3 and PARP was up-regulated in group HUL (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which ulinastatin reduces oxidative stress injury to cardiomyocytes is related to activation of Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in rats.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of high concentration glucose on cholesterol absorption of human colon cancer epithelial Caco-2 cells.Methods The experimental study was used.(1) CCK-8 detected cell proliferation:the proliferation rate changes of Caco-2 cells were detected by CCK-8 when different concentrations (12.5,100.0,300.0,700.0,1 000.0,1 388.0 mmol/L) of glucose solution effects on Caco-2 cells in order to ensure the half hindering concentration of glucose concentration on Caco-2 cells.(2)Cholesterol absorption of Caco-2 cells was detected:Caco-2 cells were divided into the cholesterol group,cholesterol plus ezetimibe (cholesterol inhibitor) group and blank control group.Cholesterol group:100 μmol/L cholesterol solution and different concentrations (5.0,25.0,50.0 mmol/L) of glucose solution were added.Cholesterol plus ezetimibe group:100 μmol/L ezetimibe,100 μmol/L cholesterol solution and different concentrations (5.0,25.0,50.0 mmol/L) of glucose solution were added.Blank control group:DMEM culture medium and corresponding concentrations of DMSO were added.The cholesterol absorption amounts of Caco-2 cells were measured.(3) The relative expressions of ATP binding cassette G8 (ABCG8),ATP binding cassette G5 (ABCG5),Nickman-Pick CI Like 1 (NPC1L1) and scavenger receptor class B type Ⅰ (SR-B Ⅰ) were examined by Western blot in the different groups.Caco cells were divided into the glucose group,glucose plus ezetimibe group and control group.The different concentrations (5.0,25.0,50.0 mmol/L) of glucose solution were added into the glucose group,different concentrations (5.0,25.0,50.0 mmol/L) of glucose solution and 100 μmol/L ezetimibe were added into the glucose plus ezetimibe group,and 100 μmol/L ezetimibe were added into the control group.The relative expressions of ABCG8,ABCG5,NPC1L1 and SR-B Ⅰ were detected by Western blot.Measurement data were presented as (x) ±s,repeated measure variance analysis was used to perform variation trend test,and t test was utilized to conduct comparisons among groups.Results (1) CCK-8 results showed:proliferation rates of Caco-2 cells with the glucose solution concentration of 12.5,100.0,300.0,700.0,1 000.0 and 1 388.0 mmol/L were 1.380 ±0.043,1.238 ±0.072,0.736 ±0.035,0.336 ±0.021,0.316 ±0.020 and 0.288 ±0.010,respectively,with a statistically significant difference in the proliferation rates (F =11.019,P ＜ 0.05).The half hindering concentration of glucose solution on Caco-2 cells was 283.54 mmol/L.(2)Cholesterol absorption of Caco-2 cells:① the cholesterol absorption amounts of Caco-2 cells with the glucose solution concentration of 5.0,25.0 and 50.0 mmol/L were 0.282 ± 0.042,0.380 ± 0.063,0.390 ± 0.060 in the cholesterol group and 0.042 ± 0.012,0.197 ± 0.015,0.277 ± 0.029 in the cholesterol plus ezetimibe group,respectively,showing a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (F =55.566,P ＜ 0.05).②There was a statistically significant difference in cholesterol absorption amounts of Caco-2 cells with different glucose solution concentration in the cholesterol group (F =79.117,P ＜ 0.05).The cholesterol absorption amounts of Caco-2 cells with the glucose solution concentrations of 5.0 mmol/L was lower than that with the glucose solution concentrations of 25.0 mmol/L and 50.0 mmol/L,respectively (t =11.207,11.532,P ＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the cholesterol absorption amounts of Caco-2 cells between the glucose solution concentrations of 25.0 mmol/L and 50.0 mmol/L (t =12.389,P ＞ 0.05).③There were statistically significant differences in cholesterol absorption amounts of Caco-2 cells with the glucose concentration of 5.0 mmol/L and 25.0 mmol/L between cholesterol group and cholesterol plus ezetimibe group (t =10.908,10.644,P ＜ 0.05).(3) The results of Western blot showed:① the relative expression of NPC1L1 protein in Caco-2 cells with the glucose solution concentrations of 5.0,25.0 and 50.0 mmol/L were respectively 0.277 ±0.019,0.558 ±0.015,0.576 ±0.003 in the glucose group and 0.057 ±0.002,0.054 ±0.005,0.077 ±0.005 in the glucose plus ezetimibe group,showing a statistically significant difference (F =482.207,P ＜0.05).② The relative expression of NPC1L1 protein of Caco-2 cells with the different concentration of glucose solution in the glucose group were compared,with a statistically significant difference (F =8.112,P ＜ 0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in the relative expression of NPC1L1 protein in Caco-2 cells with the different concentration of glucose solution in the glucose plus ezetimibe group (F =11.708,P ＜ 0.05).③ The relative expression of NPC1L1 protein in Caco-2 cells with the glucose solution concentrations of 5.0,25.0 and 50.0 mmol/L in the glucose group was statistically different from that in the glucose plus ezetimibe group (t =8.112,11.708,13.920,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion High concentration glucose solution could promote the reabsorption of cholesterol through increasing NPC1L1 protein expression in Caco-2 cells,and increase the risk of suffering from cholelithiasis in diabetes patients.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the rhythm regulatory mechanism of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the process of moxibustion for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 144 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a moxibustion group, a sham operation group, an operation group, an operation+moxibustion group, 24 rats in each one. Each group was divided into 4 time points (0:00 am, 6:00' am, 12:00 am, 6:00 pm), 6 rats in each time point. The Light-Dark 12 : 12 was given in all rats for light-dark cycle. Except the blank group, rats in the remaining groups were treated with intracutaneous injection of freund's complete adjuvant at right-side foot to establish the model of RA. After the model establishment, bilateral adrenal, glands were removed in the operation group and operation + moxibustion group, while those in the sham operation group were not removed with identical operation procedure. Rats in the moxibustion group and operation + moxibustion group were treated with grain-sized moxibustion from 7:00 am to 9:00 am at "Shenshu" (BL 23) and "Zusanli" (ST 36) once everyday, 6 times were taken as one session and 3 sessions were required tatclly, while rats in the remaining groups received identical fixation without moxibustion. The general health state and foot volume of rats were measured before model establishment, after establishment and after treatment. After treatment, rats were sacrificed at each time point to collect the blood sample and measure the content of IL-6 by using enzymne-immunoassay method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the blank group, the foot swelling in the model group was obviously increased (P<0. 05); the IL-6 maintained circadian rhythm (P<0. 05), but the peak phase had a backward trend, famplitude had an increased trend and the median was significantly lifted (P<0. 05). Compared with model group, !the foot swelling in the moxibustion group was obviously decreased (P<0. 05); the IL-6 maintained circadian. rhythm (P<0. 05), and the peak phase had a forward trend, amplitude had a decreased trend and the median was significantly reduced (P<0. 05). Compared with the moxibustion group, the foot swelling in the operation--moxibustion group was obviously increased (P < 0.05); the IL-6 maintained circadian rhythm (P < 0.5), but the peak phase moved forwrd, and the median was significantly elevated (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The IL-6 in plasma maintains significant pathological circadian rhythm in RA rats; with the complete hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, moxibustion is likely to regulate the circadian rhythm of IL-6 to play an important role of anti-inflammatory effect in RA rats.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Rats , Acupuncture Points , Arthritis, Rheumatoid , Metabolism , Therapeutics , Circadian Rhythm , Disease Models, Animal , Hypothalamus , Metabolism , Interleukin-6 , Metabolism , Moxibustion , Pituitary-Adrenal System , Metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Time FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To establish amethod for simultaneous determination ofbenzoic acid,methylis salicylas and thymol in Compound thymol solution.METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Thermo Hypersil BDS C18 with the mobile phase ofacetonitrile-water-acetic acid(40∶60∶0.02,V/V/V)at a flow rate of 1 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 275 nm,column tem-perature was 30 ℃,and injection volume was 10 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 0.045 2-0.9030 mg/ml for benzoic acid, 0.0492-0.9844 mg/ml for methylis salicylas and 0.046 4-0.927 0 mg/ml for thymol;RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2%;recoveries were 98.40%-108.88%(RSD=3.26%,n=9),98.21%-104.07%(RSD=1.87%,n=9) and 96.83-107.09%(RSD=3.33%,n=9),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate and specific,and accurately de-termine the contents of benzoic acid,methylis salicylas and thymol in Compound thymol solution.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the risk factors for venous thromboembolism in elderly patients with lung cancer,in order to provide theoretical basis for clinical prevention and treatment.Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out in 869 elderly patients who were treated in our hospital from Mar.2010 to Mar.2014.And the venous thromboembolism and its related risk factors in elderly lung cancer patients were analyzed.Results 35 cases (4.35％) complicated with venous tbromboembolism.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that adenocarcinoma,basic diseases,and D-dipolymer≥300 μg/L belonged to the independent risk factors for the complication of venous thromboembolism in elderly patients with lung cancer (OR=2.839,1.586 and 10.514,respectively,P=0.007,0.022 and 0.000).Conclusions The risk factors for the complication of venous thromboembolism should be monitored in the treatment of elderly patients with lung cancer.Early anticoagulation therapy should be performed to improve clinical effect and reduce the incidence of complications.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the relationship between the infiltration of lymphocytes in renal tissues and podocytes injury in patients with lupus nephritis (LN),and provide the evidence of mechanism of podocytes injury in LN.Methods Thirty cases of biopsy proven LN patients were enrolled into the study,10 cases were selected as a the controls.The clinical and pathological data and renal tissues were collected.The infiltration of T lymphocytes (CD4+,CD8+ cells) and B lymphocytes (CD20+ cells) in renal tissues were detected by immunohistochemical method.The nephrin expression was detected by immunofluorescence.The relationship between CD4+,CD8+,CD20+ cells in renal tissues and 24 h UP,nephrin expression were analyzed by Pearson's correlation analysis,respectively.Results ① Compared with the control group,the 24 h UP was increased [2.86±1.37 vs 0.10±0.22 (g/24 h)];the infiltrations of inflammatory cells were increased significantly,the podocytes injury could be observed,combined with effacement of podocytes foot processes or disappeared in the LN group.Moreover,the increase of 24 h UP of active LN group was more evident than that in the inactive group [3.91 ±1.45 vs 1.77±0.69 (g/24 h),F=24.15,P＜0.05],and the infiltration of inflammatory cellsand effacement of podocytes foot processes were more severe in the active LN group.②Compared with the control group,the nephrin expression decreased and the infiltration of CD4+,CD8+ and CD20+ cells in the renal tissues increased significantly,which was mainly aggregated in renal interstitial tissue.And In addition,CD4+ [98±13 vs 40±12 (cells/glomerulus),F=240.18,P＜0.05],CD8+[109.0±16.4 vs 53.3±12.1(cells/glomerulus),F=210.40,P＜0.05] and CD20+ [149.4±1.4 vs 82.6±13.3 (cells/glomerulus),F=544.30,P＜0.05] cells of the active LN group were more remarkable than that in the inactive group.③ The Pearson correlation analysis showed that CD4+,CD8+ and CD20+ cells in renal tissues were positively correlated with 24 h UP (r=0.688,0.748,0.702;P＜0.01),and were negatively correlated with nephrin expression (r=-0.623,-0.793,-0.693;P＜0.01).Conclusion The infiltrations of CD4+,CD8+ and CD20+cells in renal tissues are very closely related with podocytes injury in patients with LN,and the infiltration of lymphocytes may be an important mechanism for podocytes injury in LN patients.